Open Access The Interplay of Algorithmic Managerial Control, Worker Autonomy, Collective Agency and Labour Regulation

Main Article Content

Author: Abdel Rahman Ibrahim
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22870099

Ibrahim, A. R. (2026). The Interplay of Algorithmic Managerial Control, Worker Autonomy, Collective Agency and Labour Regulation. Perspectives in Labor Economics Journal , 1(1), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22870099

Abstract

This paper examines how platform work and algorithmic management are transforming contemporary employment relations by reshaping managerial authority, worker autonomy, employment security and collective representation. The analysis highlights that digital platforms cannot be understood solely as technological intermediaries, since they increasingly perform organizational functions related to task allocation, pricing, monitoring, evaluation and access to work opportunities. Platform employment therefore combines contractual flexibility with new forms of economic dependency and digitally mediated control. Particular attention is given to algorithmic management as a mechanism through which managerial authority is embedded in data-driven systems, ratings, reputational mechanisms and automated decision-making processes. The paper further shows that these transformations generate heterogeneous consequences for job quality, income security, career continuity and worker well-being. At the same time, platform workers retain forms of agency through individual adaptation, collective resistance, solidarity networks and emerging modes of representation. The analysis consequently emphasizes the limitations of regulatory approaches based exclusively on formal employment classification. More comprehensive institutional frameworks are required to address algorithmic accountability, social protection, collective voice and substantive managerial control. Overall, platformization represents a broader transformation of employment institutions in which flexibility, technological coordination, worker dependency and labor regulation are increasingly interconnected.

Article Details

References

1. Adekoya, O. D., Mordi, C., Ajonbadi, H. A., & Chen, W. (2025). Implications of algorithmic management on careers and employment relationships in the gig economy: A developing country perspective. Information Technology & People, 38(2), 686–711.

2. Aloisi, A. (2022). Platform work in the European Union: Lessons learned, legal developments and challenges ahead. European Labour Law Journal, 13(1), 4–29.

3. Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2021). Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the gig economy in Africa. Competition & Change, 25(2), 237–258. DOI: 10.1177/1024529420914473.

4. Cameron, L. D., & Rahman, H. (2022). Expanding the locus of resistance: Understanding the co-constitution of control and resistance in the gig economy. Organization Science, 33(1), 38–58. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2021.1557.

5. Caza, B. B., Reid, E. M., Ashford, S. J., & Granger, S. (2022). Working on my own: Measuring the challenges of gig work. Human Relations, 75(11), 2122–2159. DOI: 10.1177/00187267211030098.

6. Cini, L., & Goldmann, B. (2021). The worker capabilities approach: Insights from worker mo-bilizations in Italian logistics and food delivery. Work, Employment and Society, 35(5), 948–967.

7. Cini, L., Maccarrone, V., & Tassinari, A. (2022). With or without U(nions)? Understanding the diversity of gig workers' organizing practices in Italy and the UK. European Journal of Indus-trial Relations, 28(3), 341–362. DOI: 10.1177/09596801211052531.

8. De Stefano, V. (2016). The rise of the "just-in-time workforce": On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig-economy. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 37(3), 471–504.

9. Duggan, J., Carbery, R., McDonnell, A., & Sherman, U. (2023). Algorithmic HRM control in the gig economy: The app-worker perspective. Human Resource Management, 62(6), 883–899. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.22168.

10. Duggan, J., Sherman, U., Carbery, R., & McDonnell, A. (2020). Algorithmic management and app-work in the gig economy: A research agenda for employment relations and HRM. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(1), 114–132. DOI: 10.1111/1748-8583.12258.

11. Fleming, P. (2017). The human capital hoax: Work, debt and insecurity in the era of Uberiza-tion. Organization Studies, 38(5), 691–709. DOI: 10.1177/0170840616686129.

12. Ford, M., & Honan, V. (2019). The limits of mutual aid: Emerging forms of collectivity among app-based transport workers in Indonesia. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 528–548. DOI: 10.1177/0022185619839428.

13. Fredman, S. (2025). Fair work for platform workers: Lessons from the EU Directive for an ILO standard. Industrial Law Journal, 54(3), 425–455.

14. Gandini, A. (2019). Labour process theory and the gig economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039–1056. DOI: 10.1177/0018726718790002.

15. Garcia Calvo, A., Kenney, M., & Zysman, J. (2023). Understanding work in the online platform economy: The narrow, the broad, and the systemic perspectives. Industrial and Corporate Change, 32(4), 795–814.

16. Griesbach, K., Reich, A., Elliott-Negri, L., & Milkman, R. (2019). Algorithmic control in platform food delivery work. Socius, 5, 1–15. DOI: 10.1177/2378023119870041.

17. Heiland, H. (2022). Neither timeless, nor placeless: Control of food delivery gig work via place-based working-time regimes. Human Relations, 75(9), 1824–1848. DOI: 10.1177/00187267211025283.

18. Howcroft, D., & Bergvall-Kåreborn, B. (2019). A typology of crowdwork platforms. Work, Em-ployment and Society, 33(1), 21–38. DOI: 10.1177/0950017018760136.

19. James, A. (2024). Platform work-lives in the gig economy: Recentering work-family research. Gender, Work & Organization, 31(2), 513–534. DOI: 10.1111/gwao.13087.

20. Jarrahi, M. H., Newlands, G., Lee, M. K., Wolf, C. T., Kinder, E., & Sutherland, W. (2021). Algo-rithmic management in a work context. Big Data & Society, 8(2). DOI: 10.1177/20539517211020332.

21. Johnston, H. (2024). Employment status and the on-demand economy: A natural experiment. Socio-Economic Review, 22(1), 169–193.

22. Joyce, S., Stuart, M., & Forde, C. (2023). Theorising labour unrest and trade unionism in the platform economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 38(1), 21–40. DOI: 10.1111/ntwe.12252.

23. Kadolkar, I., Kepes, S., & Subramony, M. (2024). Algorithmic management in the gig econo-my: A systematic review and research integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior. DOI: 10.1002/job.2831.

24. Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A. (2020). Algorithms at work: The new contested terrain of control. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 366–410. DOI: 10.5465/annals.2018.0174.

25. Kenney, M., Bearson, D., & Zysman, J. (2021). The platform economy matures: Measuring pervasiveness and exploring power. Socio-Economic Review, 19(4), 1451–1483. DOI: 10.1093/ser/mwab014.

26. Kost, D., Fieseler, C., & Wong, S. I. (2020). Boundaryless careers in the gig economy: An oxy-moron? Human Resource Management Journal, 30(1), 100–113. DOI: 10.1111/1748-8583.12265.

27. Kougiannou, N. K., & Mendonça, P. (2021). Breaking the managerial silencing of worker voice in platform capitalism: The rise of a food courier network. British Journal of Management. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12505.

28. Koutsimpogiorgos, N., van Slageren, J., Herrmann, A. M., & Frenken, K. (2020). Conceptual-izing the gig economy and its regulatory problems. Policy & Internet, 12(4), 525–545. DOI: 10.1002/poi3.237.

29. Lee, M. K., Kusbit, D., Metsky, E., & Dabbish, L. (2015). Working with machines: The impact of algorithmic and data-driven management on human workers. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1603–1612. DOI: 10.1145/2702123.2702548.

30. Liu, R., et al. (2024). How algorithmic management influences gig workers' job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology.

31. Longoni, A., Salas, S., Sancha, C., Sierra, V., & Wiengarten, F. (2024). Exploring the implica-tions of working conditions for corporate sustainability in last-mile delivery platform compa-nies. Journal of Business Ethics. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-024-05840-7.

32. Maffie, M. D. (2024). Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 63(1), 59–79. DOI: 10.1111/irel.12337.

33. Martindale, N., et al. (2024). What do platform workers in the UK gig economy want? British Journal of Industrial Relations, 62(3), 542–567.

34. McDaid, E., Andon, P., & Free, C. (2023). Algorithmic management and the politics of de-mand: Control and resistance at Uber. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 109, 101465. DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2023.101465.

35. Möhlmann, M., Zalmanson, L., Henfridsson, O., & Gregory, R. W. (2021). Algorithmic man-agement of work on online labor platforms: When matching meets control. MIS Quarterly, 45(4), 1999–2022. DOI: 10.25300/MISQ/2021/15333.

36. Muldoon, J. (2024). Global gig economy: How transport platform companies respond to regu-latory challenges. Industrial Law Journal, 53(3), 481–514.

37. Muldoon, J., & Raekstad, P. (2023). Algorithmic domination in the gig economy. European Journal of Political Theory, 22(4), 587–607. DOI: 10.1177/14748851221082078.

38. Novitz, T. (2021). Gig work as a manifestation of short-termism. Industrial Law Journal, 50(4), 636–661.

39. Parent-Rocheleau, X., Parker, S. K., Bujold, A., & Gaudet, M. (2024). Creation of the algorith-mic management questionnaire: A six-phase scale development process. Human Resource Management, 63(1), 25–44. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.22185.

40. Petriglieri, G., Ashford, S. J., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2019). Agony and ecstasy in the gig econo-my: Cultivating holding environments for precarious and personalized work identities. Ad-ministrative Science Quarterly, 64(1), 124–170. DOI: 10.1177/0001839218759646.

41. Pichault, F., & McKeown, T. (2019). Autonomy at work in the gig economy: Analysing work status, work content and working conditions of independent professionals. New Technology, Work and Employment, 34(1), 59–72.

42. Rahman, H. A. (2021). The invisible cage: Workers' reactivity to opaque algorithmic evalua-tions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(4), 945–988. DOI: 10.1177/00018392211010118.

43. Rolf, S., O'Reilly, J., & Meryon, M. (2022). Towards privatized social and employment protec-tions in the platform economy? Evidence from the UK courier sector. Research Policy, 51(5), 104492. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104492.

44. Rosenblat, A., & Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: A case study of Uber's drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758–3784.

45. Schor, J. B., Attwood-Charles, W., Cansoy, M., Ladegaard, I., & Wengronowitz, R. (2020). De-pendence and precarity in the platform economy. Theory and Society, 49, 833–861.

46. Shapiro, A. (2018). Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the "on-demand" economy. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2954–2971.

47. Sun, P., Chen, J. Y., & Rani, U. (2023). From flexible labour to "sticky labour": A tracking study of workers in the food-delivery platform economy of China. Work, Employment and Society, 37(2), 412–431.

48. Tan, Z. M., Aggarwal, N., Cowls, J., Morley, J., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2021). The ethical de-bate about the gig economy: A review and critical analysis. Technology in Society, 65, 101594. DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101594.

49. Tassinari, A., & Maccarrone, V. (2020). Riders on the storm: Workplace solidarity among gig economy couriers in Italy and the UK. Work, Employment and Society, 34(1), 35–54. DOI: 10.1177/0950017019862954.

50. Umney, C., et al. (2024). Platform labour unrest in a global perspective. Work, Employment and Society. DOI: 10.1177/09500170231209676.

51. Vallas, S., & Schor, J. B. (2020). What do platforms do? Understanding the gig economy. An-nual Review of Sociology, 46, 273–294.

52. van Doorn, N. (2017). Platform labor: On the gendered and racialized exploitation of low-income service work in the "on-demand" economy. Information, Communication & Socie-ty, 20(6), 898–914. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1294194.

53. Vieira, T., et al. (2025). Times, are they changing? Examining platform companies and the transformation of employment models. Socio-Economic Review, 23(2), 877–902.

54. Wiener, M., Cram, W. A., & Benlian, A. (2023). Algorithmic control and gig workers: A legiti-macy perspective. European Journal of Information Systems. DOI: 10.1080/0960085X.2021.1977729.

55. Wood, A. J., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2021). Antagonism beyond employment: How the subordi-nated agency of labour platforms generates conflict in the remote gig economy. So-cio-Economic Review, 19(4), 1369–1400.

56. Wood, A. J., et al. (2025). Beyond the "gig economy": Towards variable experiences of plat-form work and job quality. Work, Employment and Society. DOI: 10.1177/09500170251336947.

57. Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: Autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56–75. DOI: 10.1177/0950017018785616.

58. Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Networked but commodified: The (dis)embeddedness of digital labour in the gig economy. Sociology, 53(5), 931–950. DOI: 10.1177/0038038519828906.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.