Journal of Private Law Obligations and Commerce

All manuscripts submitted to Journal of Private Law, Obligations and Commerce are subject to systematic similarity and plagiarism screening using professional software such as iThenticate or Turnitin.

• The maximum acceptable similarity threshold is 14%, excluding the reference list.
• The journal does not rely solely on the overall similarity percentage. The nature, location, source, and academic legitimacy of identified similarities are also examined.
• Properly cited quotations from legislation, judicial decisions, contracts, treaties, official documents, model clauses, and other legal materials are assessed in light of the particular characteristics of legal research.
• Clear plagiarism, unattributed use of another author’s work, duplicate publication, unacceptable self-plagiarism, fabricated references, or misuse of legal and empirical sources may result in immediate rejection.
• Authors bear full responsibility for the originality of their manuscripts and the accuracy of all citations, references, legal materials, contractual documents, judicial decisions, and data used.