L'impact des coopératives sur l’indépendance économique des femmes en milieu rural
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Abstract
Cette étude analyse l’impact des coopératives sur l’indépendance économique des femmes rurales en mobilisant la théorie du dualisme économique de Lewis (1954), qui distingue entre un secteur traditionnel de subsistance et un secteur moderne créateur de valeur. Les coopératives apparaissent comme un levier stratégique de transition, permettant aux femmes de dépasser la logique informelle pour accéder à des marchés structurés, à des financements adaptés et à des mécanismes de renforcement des compétences. Sur la base d’un modèle économétrique Tobit appliqué à un échantillon de femmes membres de coopératives, la recherche met en évidence que la valorisation de la production locale, l’accès au financement, le développement des compétences et le pouvoir de négociation exercent un effet positif et significatif sur l’autonomie économique. Ces dimensions favorisent non seulement l’augmentation des revenus, mais aussi une meilleure capacité d’innovation, de planification et de participation aux décisions collectives. En revanche, l’accès direct aux marchés et la création d’emplois collectifs ne constituent pas, à eux seuls, des facteurs suffisants pour renforcer l’indépendance individuelle, ce qui souligne l’importance d’accompagner ces mécanismes par des dispositifs de gouvernance et de redistribution équitables. L’étude met également en évidence l’influence de variables contextuelles telles que l’âge, qui limite parfois la capacité à tirer profit des opportunités, et le niveau d’éducation, qui renforce la capacité d’adaptation et de gestion.
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